Review Session #1 Review Foundations of Government & Civil Liberties The Basic Functions of Government ·Locke oState of Nature oNatural Law oNatural Rights oSocial Contract ·Jefferson ·Declaration of Independence ·Constitution oEstablish a more perfect union oEstablish justice oEnsure domestic tranquility oPromote the general welfare oSecure liberty Politics — the exercise of power; Federalist 10; Linkage Institutions: evolution of parties; interest groups; media Elections Policy-Making Institutions Evolution of democracy (types of democracy) Federalism Who controls the political agenda? How topics get on the agenda? How things on the agenda get ignored? Pluralism (Federalist 10 again) Elitism (of various types) Hyperpluralism What is public interest? What are public wants? How much individual freedom? (Locke, Social Contract) How much should government do? What’s the best way to raise money for government activity? How to separate public from private agendas? (especially on ethical issues) What’s allowed in campaigning? How to achieve authentic legitimacy? (What is that?) Constitutional Foundations Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution Basic features (longevity, separation of powers, balance of power, federalism, amendability, common law) and compromises Bureaucracy Political Parties Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Federalism History of Federalism Local Governments Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism The ETS description of the AP curriculum says: An understanding of United States politics includes the study of the development of individual rights and liberties and their impact on citizens. Basic to this study is an analysis of the workings of the Supreme Court and an understanding of its most significant decisions. Students should examine judicial interpretations of various civil rights and liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and expression; the rights of the accused; and the rights of minority groups and women. For example, students should understand the legal, social, and political evolution following Supreme Court decisions regarding racial segregation. Finally, it is important that students be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Supreme Court decisions as tools of social change. Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties Restrictions on government — individual rights 14th Amendment Religion: establishment and promotion ·Engel v. Vitale (’62) prayer in school ·Abington School District v. Schempp (’63) Bible reading in class ·Epperson v. Arkansas (’68) teaching evolution ·Recent cases on creationism and prayer at Texas football games Speech and Press — freedom vs. public good; symbolic speech; commercial speech; hate speech; libel and slander ·Schenck v. US (’19) "clear and present danger" ·Miller v. California (’73) obscenity not protected; obscenity appeals to prurient interests was patently offensive and lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit by community standards ·Tinker v. DesMoines (’69) and ·Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier ("88) student rights ·New York Times v. US (’71) Pentagon Papers case; no prior restriction ·Texas v. Johnson (’88) flag burning as symbolic speech Assembly — Peaceably? Petition? Public safety? Public and private land? Advocacy of violence? ·Cox v. New Hampshire (’41) permits can be required; private property is not open to assembly ·Collins v. Smith (’78) Skokie and Nazis Keep and Bear Arms — individual or group right? Registration and permit? Types of arms? ·Brady Bill (’93) Privacy — probable cause? Persons? Houses? Papers? Effects? Unreasonable? Emergencies? Abortion? ·Mapp v. Ohio (’61) exclusionary rule ·Griswold v. Connecticut (’65) privacy and birth control ·Roe v. Wade (’72) abortion Due Process — indictment, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, speedy and public trial, informed of charges, confronted with witnesses, right to attorney, cruel and unusual punishment, excessive bail ·Gideon v. Wainwright (’64) right to an attorney ·Miranda v. Arizona (’66) right to be informed of your rights 1
AP US Government and Politics Review
Review Session #1 Review Foundations of Government & Civil LibertiesThe Basic Functions of Government
· Locke
o State of Nature
o Natural Law
o Natural Rights
o Social Contract
· Jefferson
· Declaration of Independence
· Constitution
o Establish a more perfect union
o Establish justice
o Ensure domestic tranquility
o Promote the general welfare
o Secure liberty
Politics — the exercise of power; Federalist 10;
Linkage Institutions: evolution of parties; interest groups; media
Elections
Policy-Making Institutions
Evolution of democracy (types of democracy)
Federalism
Who controls the political agenda? How topics get on the agenda? How things on the agenda get ignored?
Pluralism (Federalist 10 again)
Elitism (of various types)
Hyperpluralism
What is public interest?
What are public wants?
How much individual freedom? (Locke, Social Contract)
How much should government do?
What’s the best way to raise money for government activity?
How to separate public from private agendas? (especially on ethical issues)
What’s allowed in campaigning?
How to achieve authentic legitimacy? (What is that?)
Constitutional Foundations
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
Constitution
Basic features (longevity, separation of powers, balance of power, federalism, amendability, common law) and compromises
Bureaucracy
Political Parties
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Federalism
History of Federalism
Local Governments
Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
The ETS description of the AP curriculum says:
An understanding of United States politics includes the study of the development of individual rights and liberties and their impact on citizens. Basic to this study is an analysis of the workings of the Supreme Court and an understanding of its most significant decisions. Students should examine judicial interpretations of various civil rights and liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and expression; the rights of the accused; and the rights of minority groups and women. For example, students should understand the legal, social, and political evolution following Supreme Court decisions regarding racial segregation. Finally, it is important that students be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Supreme Court decisions as tools of social change.
Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties
Restrictions on government — individual rights
14th Amendment
Religion: establishment and promotion
· Engel v. Vitale (’62) prayer in school
· Abington School District v. Schempp (’63) Bible reading in class
· Epperson v. Arkansas (’68) teaching evolution
· Recent cases on creationism and prayer at Texas football games
Speech and Press — freedom vs. public good; symbolic speech; commercial speech; hate speech; libel and slander
· Schenck v. US (’19) "clear and present danger"
· Miller v. California (’73) obscenity not protected; obscenity appeals to prurient interests was patently offensive and lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit by community standards
· Tinker v. DesMoines (’69) and
· Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier ("88) student rights
· New York Times v. US (’71) Pentagon Papers case; no prior restriction
· Texas v. Johnson (’88) flag burning as symbolic speech
Assembly — Peaceably? Petition? Public safety? Public and private land? Advocacy of violence?
· Cox v. New Hampshire (’41) permits can be required; private property is not open to assembly
· Collins v. Smith (’78) Skokie and Nazis
Keep and Bear Arms — individual or group right? Registration and permit? Types of arms?
· Brady Bill (’93)
Privacy — probable cause? Persons? Houses? Papers? Effects? Unreasonable? Emergencies? Abortion?
· Mapp v. Ohio (’61) exclusionary rule
· Griswold v. Connecticut (’65) privacy and birth control
· Roe v. Wade (’72) abortion
Due Process — indictment, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, speedy and public trial, informed of charges, confronted with witnesses, right to attorney, cruel and unusual punishment, excessive bail
· Gideon v. Wainwright (’64) right to an attorney
· Miranda v. Arizona (’66) right to be informed of your rights
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